python3 抓取网页资源的 N 种方法-白红宇

python3 抓取网页资源的 N 种方法

阅读量：6210 次

发布时间：2019-06-21

本文共 3924 字，大约阅读时间需要 13 分钟。

1. 最简单

import urllib.requestresponse = urllib.request.urlopen('http://python.org/')html = response.read()

2. 使用Request

import urllib.request req = urllib.request.Request('http://python.org/')response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)the_page = response.read()

3. 发送数据

#! /usr/bin/env python3 import urllib.parseimport urllib.request url = 'http://localhost/login.php'user_agent = 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)'values = {          'act' : 'login',          'login[email]' : '12345@qq.com',          'login[password]' : '123456'         } data = urllib.parse.urlencode(values)req = urllib.request.Request(url, data)req.add_header('Referer', 'http://www.python.org/')response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)the_page = response.read() print(the_page.decode("utf8"))

4. 发送数据和header

#! /usr/bin/env python3 import urllib.parseimport urllib.request url = 'http://localhost/login.php'user_agent = 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)'values = {          'act' : 'login',          'login[email]' : '12334@qq.com',          'login[password]' : '123456'         }headers = { 'User-Agent' : user_agent } data = urllib.parse.urlencode(values)req = urllib.request.Request(url, data, headers)response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)the_page = response.read() print(the_page.decode("utf8"))

5. http错误

#! /usr/bin/env python3 import urllib.request req = urllib.request.Request('http://www.python.org/fish.html')try:    urllib.request.urlopen(req)except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:    print(e.code)    print(e.read().decode("utf8"))

6. 异常处理1

#! /usr/bin/env python3 from urllib.request import Request, urlopenfrom urllib.error import URLError, HTTPErrorreq = Request("http://twitter.com/")try:    response = urlopen(req)except HTTPError as e:    print('The server couldn\'t fulfill the request.')    print('Error code: ', e.code)except URLError as e:    print('We failed to reach a server.')    print('Reason: ', e.reason)else:    print("good!")    print(response.read().decode("utf8"))

7. 异常处理2

#! /usr/bin/env python3 from urllib.request import Request, urlopenfrom urllib.error import  URLErrorreq = Request("http://twitter.com/")try:    response = urlopen(req)except URLError as e:    if hasattr(e, 'reason'):        print('We failed to reach a server.')        print('Reason: ', e.reason)    elif hasattr(e, 'code'):        print('The server couldn\'t fulfill the request.')        print('Error code: ', e.code)else:    print("good!")    print(response.read().decode("utf8"))

8. HTTP认证

#! /usr/bin/env python3 import urllib.request # create a password managerpassword_mgr = urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm() # Add the username and password.# If we knew the realm, we could use it instead of None.top_level_url = "https://cms.tetx.com/"password_mgr.add_password(None, top_level_url, 'yzhang', 'cccddd') handler = urllib.request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_mgr) # create "opener" (OpenerDirector instance)opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler) # use the opener to fetch a URLa_url = "https://cms.tetx.com/"x = opener.open(a_url)print(x.read()) # Install the opener.# Now all calls to urllib.request.urlopen use our opener.urllib.request.install_opener(opener) a = urllib.request.urlopen(a_url).read().decode('utf8')print(a)

9. 使用代理

#! /usr/bin/env python3 import urllib.request proxy_support = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({'sock5': 'localhost:1080'})opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_support)urllib.request.install_opener(opener) a = urllib.request.urlopen("http://g.cn").read().decode("utf8")print(a)

10. 超时

#! /usr/bin/env python3 import socketimport urllib.request # timeout in secondstimeout = 2socket.setdefaulttimeout(timeout) # this call to urllib.request.urlopen now uses the default timeout# we have set in the socket modulereq = urllib.request.Request('http://twitter.com/')a = urllib.request.urlopen(req).read()print(a)

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhangtianq/p/5839906.html

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